People outside the culinary industry often struggle differentiating between a Chef and a Cook. What is the difference between a Cook and a Chef and why does it matter? Yes, they both work in the kitchen and prepare food, but they’re two different positions with different sets of responsibilities.
Understanding the difference between a Cook and a Chef is crucial if you plan to work in a professional kitchen. This is especially true if you want to eventually work as a Head Chef and lead a team of your own at some point in your career.
With that said, let’s define both roles and take a closer look at the main differences between them.
What is a Chef?
A professional Chef is a culinarian who has received training in food preparation and has several years of experience working in a kitchen setting. The role involves a lot of managerial duties and tasks. A Chef can operate on his own as a single-person department, or they can be managing a team of Cooks.
A Chef is a culinary expert, often viewed as a visionary who focuses more on the creative side of food preparation. They create new recipes and invent new ways to serve dishes. This creative approach to food is one of the key distinctions when discussing the difference between a Chef and a Cook.
Chefs often specialize in specific cuisines or culinary techniques, allowing them to craft menus that reflect particular culinary traditions or innovative cooking methods.
The role also involves a higher degree of responsibility. That’s why when hiring, owners and Restaurant Managers prefer to bring in individuals with good organization and problem-solving skills.
The dishes and menus Chefs create influence the reputation of the restaurant. Therefore, although they have more responsibilities than Cooks, they also receive more credit when the kitchen performs well.
What is a Cook?
A professional Cook is a skilled technician who follows established recipes and prepares food. Most of their work is hands-on and includes turning raw ingredients into finished dishes.
They prepare food in large quantities and take on tasks such as chopping vegetables, cutting meat, cooking and completing dishes that are ready to be served.
Besides preparing food, Cooks also clean the kitchen area and order supplies as instructed by the Chef. While both roles require proficiency, the difference between Chef and Cook extends beyond tasks — it also encompasses their level of creative freedom and authority.
Cooks may work in various settings, including restaurants, cafeterias and private households, adapting their skills to meet the specific needs of each environment.
That being said, they are usually employed in restaurants and bars, but can also be found in establishments outside hospitality. These can be schools, hospitals and homeless shelters.
Cooks often start their careers in entry-level positions such as Prep Cook or Line Cook, where they gain essential experience and skills needed for advancement in the culinary field.
Chef vs. Cook
As you’ve seen in their definitions, the roles of Chef and Cook have plenty of differences. They don’t have the same responsibilities and one is significantly higher in the management structure. You can see some of the key distinctions between them in the table below:
| Aspect | Chef | Cook |
|---|---|---|
| Formal education required | Usually yes | No |
| Experience required | Yes | Sometimes |
| Leadership responsibilities | Yes | No |
| Menu creation | Yes | No |
| Specialty designations | Yes | Yes |
Understanding the distinction between these roles is crucial for those aspiring to advance in the culinary industry, as it influences career progression and opportunities for specialization.
Now, let’s take a closer look at what’s needed for each of these two positions and how they rank in the kitchen hierarchy.
Kitchen hierarchy
Chefs are at the top of the kitchen hierarchy and report only to the Restaurant Manager or the Assistant Restaurant Manager. They give orders to everyone in the kitchen, including Cooks. If different types of Chefs work in the same kitchen, they report to the Executive Chef or the Head Chef, but have authority over other kitchen staff.
Cooks are somewhere in the middle of the kitchen hierarchy. They take orders from their supervisors and typically have authority over roles such as Waiters/Waitresses and Bussers.
Understanding the difference between a Cook and a Chef is crucial to grasping the kitchen’s structure and workflow.
Education
To become a Chef, you need to have some type of formal training in most cases. The most common training pathways for the role include earning a culinary degree or completing an apprenticeship.
If you’re aiming for a culinary degree, this can take you up to four years to complete. Apprenticeship programs vary in duration, but all of them include practical training of working in a kitchen environment.
To become a Cook, you might not need formal education, depending on the establishment. While some of them prefer to hire individuals with a culinary degree, this isn’t always a strict requirement.
Some Cook positions are considered entry-level, and for them, you’ll receive practical training upon getting hired.
Experience
Restaurants typically view experience as an important factor for the role of a Chef. They prefer to hire individuals who’ve spent several years working in a kitchen setting.
If you’re considering a career as a Chef, you may have to start at lower positions and prove yourself enough to advance.
For the role of a Cook, experience isn’t always that important. Some restaurants hire Cooks as entry-level positions and train them on the job. Others require some previous experience working in a kitchen.
For example, you can become a Short-Order Cook in a fast food restaurant even if you’ve never worked in one before. The role involves performing only basic kitchen duties and most of the abilities can be picked up on the go.
However, it may take some experience working in a kitchen setting to get hired as a Prep Cook or Line Cook.
Specialty designations
Chefs and Cooks have specialty designations based on their roles within the kitchen. Chefs often have different titles that highlight their area of expertise and specialized skills. Some of these roles are:
- Executive Chef: A Chef that overlooks multiple kitchens or outlets and deals with managerial tasks such as budgets and menu development. Focuses on big-picture stuff.
- Head Chef: The main supervisor in the kitchen who’s directly responsible for all food preparation and has authority over the rest of the kitchen staff
- Sous Chef: The Sous Chef assists the Head Chef and supervises other team members
- Pastry Chef: Focuses on creating pastries, desserts, breads and other baked goods
- Pantry Chef: Focuses on creating cold dishes such as salads, dressings and cold appetizers
- Commis Chef: Usually a trainee or apprentice who focuses on smaller tasks such as chopping, slicing and peeling
Cooks can also have different titles that relate to their responsibilities. Some of these roles include:
- Line Cook: The role of a Line Cook involves running a particular station in a kitchen such as a griddle or a fryer
- Prep Cook: The role of a Prep Cook involves cleaning and preparing ingredients, chopping vegetables, cutting meat and other pre-cooking tasks
- Short-Order Cook: Typically employed in fast food restaurants and diners. Their duties include frying, grilling and microwaving
Cook vs. Chef: Salaries
Chefs have significantly more responsibilities and the role is seen as more advanced than the one of a Cook. Naturally, they also earn higher salaries because of that. On average, Chefs in the U.S. earn $5,220 per month or $62,640 per year. Cooks, on the other hand, earn $3,005 per month or $36,060 per year on average.
Keep in mind that there are disparities in earning potential among both positions depending on the state you live and work in.
Whether Chefs and Cooks receive tips largely depends on the establishment they work in. If a pooled tip system is in place, they receive a portion of the total amount. However, they usually don’t receive tips directly from customers.
What Skills Do Professional Chefs Need?
Being the “bosses” of the kitchen, Chefs need a skillset that combines both culinary techniques and management abilities. The role is more dynamic than the one of a Cook and also involves more creative responsibilities such as menu creation. Some of the key skills Chefs need are:
- Culinary expertise: Has to be knowledgeable of various food preparation methods and different cuisines
- Menu development: Must create design menus that are appealing, trendy and stand out
- Creativity: Has to be creative enough to experiment with different ingredients and come up with new ways of serving dishes
- Leadership: Needs to be good at managing kitchen staff and giving instructions
- Organization: Must maintain and run an efficient kitchen
What Skills Do Professional Cooks Need?
Cooks are an important part of the kitchen staff but have fewer responsibilities than Chefs. While some of the skills they need overlap with those of Chefs, Cooks are typically more hands-on. Some of the key skills they need are:
- Cooking skills: Must be good in basic cooking methods such as grilling, frying and baking
- Knife skills: Has to be precise when cutting and chopping up ingredients
- Attention to detail: Ability to follow recipes and guidelines provided by the Chef
- Multitasking: Must be able to juggle several orders at once
- Time management: Ability to handle high volumes of orders, especially during peak hours
In addition to these duties, Chefs often engage in culinary arts, which involves mastering various cooking techniques and presentation styles to create innovative dishes that elevate the dining experience.
Differences Between a Chef vs. Cook: Final Thoughts
Both Chefs and Cooks play a major role in making the kitchen run like clockwork. While Chefs possess more skill and experience, making them adequate to perform managerial tasks, Cooks focus more on food preparation and cooking.
Ultimately, understanding the difference between Cook and Chef helps clarify how both roles complement each other.
FAQs About Chef vs Cook Differences
A Cook can call themselves a Chef after gaining extensive experience, formal training and taking on more responsibilities, including menu creation and kitchen management.
No. A Cook is typically lower than a Chef in the kitchen hierarchy. Chefs have more responsibilities, including leadership, menu development, and overseeing other staff.
Yes. A Cook can become a Chef by gaining experience, pursuing formal culinary education and taking on progressively more complex responsibilities in the kitchen.
